数据结构与算法C#实施系列--树1

数据结构与算法C#实施系列--树1

       数据结构与算法(C#实现)系列---树(一)


                                          Heavenkiller(原创)


首先我们给树下一个定义:


树是一个有限的、非空的结点集,


T={r} or T1 or T2 or…or Tn


它具有下列性质:


1.集合指定的结点r叫做树的根结点


2.其余的结点可以划分成n个子集,T1,T2,…Tn(n>=0),其中每一个子集都是一棵树。


 


树的其它定义如度,叶子,高等就请大家查阅别的资料吧,到处都有的。


 


树的主要性质一个就是遍历,分为深度遍历和广度遍历


在这里分别实现为DepthFirstTravesal()和WidthFirstTravesal()


其中深度遍历又分为前序遍历、中序遍历、和后序遍历


这是是采用适配器技术实现的。


 


using System;


using System.Collections;


 


namespace DataStructure


{


     ///


     /// Tree 的摘要说明。


     /// when traverse, traversaltype can't be changed,or throw a  exception


     /// 支持枚举、比较、深度复制


     ///


     public abstract class Tree:IEnumerable,IComparable


     {


         public Tree()


         {


              //


              // TODO: 在此处添加构造函数逻辑


              //


         }


         protected Queue keyqueue=new Queue();//仅仅用于枚举时存放数据,不参与Equals实现中的比较


         protected TraversalType traversaltype=TraversalType.Breadth;// choose a traversal  type,and  DepthFirst is default


         //protected uint degree=0;//degree of the tree, init  it as 0


         //protected uint height=0;//height of the tree, init it as 0


 


         //枚举不同的遍历类型


         public enum TraversalType


         {


              Breadth=1,//广度遍历


              PreDepth=2,//前序遍历


              InDepth=3,//中序遍历


              PostDepth=4//后序遍历


             


         };


         //public virtual abstract object  Key{}


        


         public abstract Tree this[uint _index]{get;set;}//if I only use get, can I change it later?


 


         public  abstract object Key{get;}


         public  abstract uint Degree{get;}


         //public  abstract uint Height{get;}


         public  void SetTraversalType(TraversalType _type){traversaltype=_type;}//set a traversal a type, if it's not set manually, DepthFirst will be chosen in default


 


         public  abstract bool IsEmpty();// property takes the place of IsEmpty()


         public  abstract bool IsLeaf();


        


         //Only Visit, needn't queue


         public virtual void DepthFirstTraversal(IPrePostVisitor _vis)//middle depthfirst traversal


         {


              //通过_vis使用不同的访问者来进行前序、后序、中序遍历


        


        


              if(!IsEmpty())


              {


                   _vis.PreVisit(this.Key);


 


                   if( this.Degree>=1 )


                   {


                       if( this.Degree>=2)


                       {


                            for(uint i=0;i<(this.Degree-1);i++)//


                            {


                                 this[i].DepthFirstTraversal(_vis);//recursive call


                                 //_vis.Visit(this.Key);


                            }


                       }


                       this[this.Degree-1].DepthFirstTraversal(_vis);


                   }


 


                   _vis.PostVisit(this.Key);


              }


             


             


         }


        


         public virtual void BreadthFirstTraversal(IVisitor _vis)//breadth first traversal


         {


              Queue tmpQueue=new Queue();//used to help BreadthFirstTraversal


              //this.keyqueue=new Queue();//store keys


 


              if(!this.IsEmpty())


                   tmpQueue.Enqueue(this);//enqueue the root node at first


              while(tmpQueue.Count!=0)//until the number of the queue is zero


              {


                   Tree headTree=(Tree)tmpQueue.Dequeue();


                   //this.keyqueue.Enqueue(headTree.Key);


                   _vis.Visit(headTree.Key);


                  


                   for(uint i=0;i

                   {


                       Tree childTree=headTree[i];


                       if(!childTree.IsEmpty())


                            tmpQueue.Enqueue(childTree);


                   }


              }


 


         }


        


         //------------------------------------------------end------------------------------------


         //内部成员类 用于提供不同遍历类型的访问者


         public class PreOrder:IPrePostVisitor


         {


              private IVisitor visitor;


              public PreOrder(IVisitor _vis){visitor=_vis;}


              #region IPrePostVisitor 成员


 


              public void PreVisit(object _obj)


              {


                   // TODO:  添加 PreOrder.PreVisit 实现


                   this.visitor.Visit(_obj);


              }


 


              public void Visit(object _obj)


              {


                   // TODO:  添加 PreOrder.Visit 实现


              }


 


              public void PostVisit(object _obj)


              {


                   // TODO:  添加 PreOrder.PostVisitor 实现


              }


 


              #endregion


 


         }


 


tag:算法数据结构系列电脑软件

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